"When My Mother Died, She Told Me To Try to Enjoy My Life More"

Wednesday, September 7, 2011 0 comments

Megan-orourke

Megan-orourke

Happiness interview: Meghan O'Rourke.

Meghan O'Rourke is a writer in many incarnations -- an essayist, poet, critic, and editor. I got to know Meghan during the time that my blog appeared on Slate , and I was very eager to get my hands on her new book.

The Long Goodbye is a memoir of her mother's death from cancer in 2008, at the age of 55, when Meghan was 32 years old. Going through great unhappiness is one of the best, and most difficult, teachers of happiness, so I was very interested to hear what Meghan had to say.

Gretchen: What's a simple activity that consistently makes you happier?
Meghan: Taking a walk. I used to run a lot, and that always made me happier (even if I was unhappy lacing up my shoes to do it). But I tore the cartilage in my right hip and need surgery – so I can't run anymore. The injury happened about 9 months after my mother died, and running had been one of my ways of dealing. This has been a real challenge. But I realized that I could walk instead, and over time I've come to see that slowing down and taking things in – rather than running through them like a linebacker – might be good for me.

Generally, reading a good book makes me happy. Reading Anne of Green Gables or T. H. White's The Once and Future King always is great, and I return to them when I'm particularly low. And learning does too. There is a beautiful passage in The Book of Merlyn, the prequel to The Once and Future King, about this, and after my mother died it was a kind of lifeline for me:

"The best thing for being sad," replied Merlyn, beginning to puff and blow, "is to learn something. That is the only thing that never fails. You may grow old and trembling in your anatomies, you may lie awake at night listening to the disorder in your veins, you may miss your only love, you may see the world about you devastated by evil lunatics, or know your honour trampled in the sewer of baser minds. There is only one thing for it then—to learn. Learn why the world wags and what wags it."

[I love that passage, too! In fact, I quoted it here two years ago.]

What's something you know now about happiness that you didn't know when you were 18 years old?
I guess that it comes and goes. When I'm unhappy, I know that the worst part of it will pass if I just stick it out; I can survive it. At the same time – and this is more complicated, and may seem to contradict what I just said – I have a stronger sense that certain kinds of pain do stay with us and shape us profoundly. My mother's death on Christmas Day 2008 taught me that. The shaping isn't all for ill, though it can be challenging to remember that.

Is there anything you find yourself doing repeatedly that gets in the way of your happiness?
Not sleeping enough. Not exercising. Obvious things. One that's less obvious, to me at least: I can be a workaholic. Sometimes I look up, feeling lonely, and realize I haven't seen my friends or gotten out of the house for a few days. Not seeing people always makes me feel down, even though I sometimes think it will feel good to just hole up and be quiet.

Is there a happiness mantra or motto that you've found very helpful? (e.g., I remind myself that "There is only love.")
My mother used to say, "Lighten up, Meg," when I got uptight about little things. It was her way of saying, "Don't sweat the small stuff." She knew that I was anxious, and a little obsessive, and that sometimes I let the world seem darker than it needed to. Now that she's gone, I say that to myself – usually when fretting that I said the wrong thing to so-and-so, or made the wrong call about something at work, or some such. Or when I wanted to do x and instead got stuck doing y – but it really doesn't matter.

Is there anything that you see people around you doing or saying that adds a lot to their happiness, or detracts a lot from their happiness?
Sweating the small stuff; not taking time to feel grateful. I know these are things you talk about a lot on your blog – but actively taking the time to feel grateful can change your day radically. After my mother's death the only way I got through the worst months of grieving was in trying to identify beauty. It sounds corny, and I probably would have laughed at myself for this once upon a time, but I would make myself try to find several beautiful things in the day and not let myself spiral into anxiety that they might someday disappear.

Do you work on being happier? If so, how?
I do work on being happier. When my mother died, she basically told me to try to enjoy my life more. So now I take more care with boring things – like trying to go to bed at the same time, eat well, exercise a little every day. I try to notice when something feels bad, or spending time with someone leaves me feeling deflated. And I tell myself most of the things that I get worried about truly don't matter. I have a fairly hokey routine of trying to remind myself of the largeness of the universe and the minuteness of my place in it.

Have you ever been surprised that something you expected would make you very happy, didn't – or vice versa?
Great question. I once moved to a bigger apartment in a remoter location thinking that the space would make me happier. In fact, I missed feeling in the thick of things – and preferred having a smaller place to feeling lonely.

The real surprise though has been what happened to me after my mother died: I remember feeling that nothing good could ever happen again, that her death was a painful force of ill in my life. But two and a half years on I can see that there were things that have come out of it that have helped me – I learned to relax a bit, paradoxically, because the thing I was most frightened of happened, and I survived. In a strange way, it has made me more grateful, and I think a lot of stuff is much funnier than I used to. (Particularly my own failures and pretensions.) In a sense, I'm so grateful not to be in the kind of pain I was right after she died that lots of little things seem pretty extraordinary – and big things, too, like the fact that loss can connect you to other people who have suffered. Ironically, I made friends with people because I was grieving and they came forward to help – and it forced us into a kind of closeness we might not otherwise have had.

* I'm now officially obsessed with the sense of smell, so was intrigued by this post, Curious about...Sillage on the terrific site The Curiosity Chronicles. I'd never heard the wonderful term "sillage," which is French for "wake" (as in the wake left by a boat) and is also used to describe how a perfume leaves behind its scent.

Father's Day is coming soon! (June 19 in the U.S., UK, and Canada.) For your consideration...The Happiness Project (can't resist mentioning: #1 New York Times bestseller). To make a book gift more special, perhaps you'd like a signed, personalized bookplate -- or for an ebook or audio book, perhaps you'd like a signed, personalized signature card, with Paradoxes of Happiness on the back. If so, email me at gretchenrubin1 at gmail dot com. Feel free to ask for as many as you'd like, for yourself or for a gift; I'll mail anywhere in the world; they're free -- and please remember to include your mailing address.

5 Sunburn Remedies You Should Try ASAP (One's in Your Fridge)

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Conde Nast Digital Studio

Conde Nast Digital Studio

Amy Paturel, SELF magazine

We all know the drillUse sunscreen to avoid sunburn -- and reapply frequently. But sometimes, we just forget. Or we fall asleep in the sun. Or we get caught up in a killer game of beach volleyball
For serious burns (i.e. blistering red skin), get to the doc STAT. But to get through the first 24 hours of a mild sunburn (read: no blisters) that stings and causes discomfort, we asked Skin Cancer Foundation spokeswoman Francesca Fusco for a few tips:

Related: Why does my long weekend high wear off so fast?

1.  Got milk? Make cold milk compresses by soaking a clean cloth in a bowl with equal parts milk, ice cubes and water. Then hold the cloth on the burned area for five minutes. Repeat three times. The fat, protein and pH of milk have a soothing anti-inflammatory effect on the skin. What's more, cold temperatures constrict blood vessels and reduce swelling.

2.  Take a pill! Aspirin acts as an anti-inflammatory, suppressing chemicals in the skin that cause redness and swelling.

3.  Follow the light. LED treatments use gentle wave light technology to help decrease inflammatory cells. The only drawback: you have to visit the doc's office for treatments -- and that can be pricey (or at least more pricey than Noxema or aloe gel).

See Also: Why indulging at the BBQ can help you stick to your diet

4.  Slather on refrigerated aloe gel. Aloe is a botanical that has powerful anti-inflammatory properties. Store it in the fridge and you'll get the added bonus of cold temps (and reduced swelling).

5.  Rehydrate! After a weekend in the sun, water is key -- particularly if you're sunburned. Liquids are critical to rehydrating your body and replenishing lost fluids from the sun. Hate water? Try guzzling decaf iced tea with mint for an added antioxidant punch.

Cell Phones Linked to Cancer: 12 Healthy Changes to Make Now

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Conde Nast Digital Studio

Conde Nast Digital Studio

Amy Paturel, SELF magazine

Addicted to your iPhone? Yeah, we are, too. But maybe it's time for an intervention.

An international panel of experts convened by the World Health Organization dropped a bomb on the nearly 5 billion cell phone users yesterday, releasing a new report suggesting that cell phone use is a possible carcinogen.

In fact, researchers report that just 30 minutes of cell phone use a day (or more) is a category B carcinogen -- akin to talcum body power and pickled vegetables.

The conclusion marks a shift from WHO's original position, stating there were no risks from cell phone use. The experts stressed, however, that the evidence of a link remains elusive and more research is needed to further explore the possible risk.

Related: The Consequences of Tanning Beds

"It's about time we started to take cell phone radiation much more seriously," says Ann Louise Gittleman, PhD, New York Times bestselling author of Zapped. "Certainly, technology is not going away, but we desperately need to educate and develop strategies to lessen our exposure to man-made and artificial radiation which have been found to have biological effects."

To that end, we asked Gittleman for her tips on how to limit exposure to potentially harmful cell phone radiation:

1.    Put them on speaker. Anything you can do to keep the cell phone as far away from your head as possible will reduce the energy or power level. The farther away you are from the antenna, the lower the signal. The wire on many headsets can act as an antenna, which can deliver a dose of electromagnetic radiation to your head.

2.    Use your words. Text whenever you can. It limits the duration of your exposure and keeps the phone farther away from your head and body. When you text, don't keep the phone in your lap. There have been an increasing number of studies that have found damage to sperm vitality and motility in men. Chances are, it's not great for our ovaries either!

See Also: 5 Top Sunburn Remedies

3.    Go offline. Make it a habit to turn the phone off when it's not in use or to switch it to offline, standalone, or flight modes, which turn off the wireless transmitter but still allow you to use the phone or PDA for everything except making calls or browsing the web or email.

4.    Make the switch. If you absolutely must place the phone against your head, switch ears regularly while chatting on a cell to limit prolonged exposure on one side, which has been linked to increased risk of brain tumors and salivary cancers on the side of the head where the phone is usually held.

5.    Avoid tight spaces. Don't make or take calls in elevators, trains, underground or in the car. On the plus side, cell phone use while driving is becoming increasingly against the law because it creates distraction.

6.    Keep an eye on the bars. Don't use your phone when the signal is weak or when you're traveling at higher speeds in a car or train. This automatically boosts power to maximum as the phone attempts to connect to a new relay antenna.

7.    Ride the quiet car. Many trains have so-called quiet cars where cell use is prohibited and phones must be switched off so they don't disturb other riders. It's your best bet for traveling without overwhelming secondhand exposure to electromagnetic radiation.

Related: Are Hot Tubs Safe?

8.    Keep it short. A cell phone isn't what you want to use to catch up with an old high school buddy. If your conversation is going to be long, use a landline. One study found that after two minutes, the brain's electrical activity can be altered for at least an hour. Remember, brain tumor risk starts at a relatively low level of cumulative lifetime exposure.

9.    Spend even less time on your PDA. Wireless devices such as the BlackBerry, iPhone, and Treo produce higher emissions than cell phones because they rely on the energy from batteries to power up things like e-mail, Internet connections and color display.

10.    Dial, then stretch. Don't place the cell phone on your ear while your call is connecting -- that's the time the phone is sending out its strongest signal.

11.    Get it out of your pocket. A recent study found that men who carried their cells in their pockets had 25 percent lower sperm counts when compared to another group that didn't carry a cell. Different parts of the body absorb radiation in different intensities, and testicular tissue may be more vulnerable.

12.    Keep the cell out of the bedroom. Specifically, don't sleep with your cell near your head. Remember, electromagnetic fields can reduce your body's production of melatonin and with it a powerful free radical scavenger that can protect your cells from the DNA damage that can lead to cancer and other disease.

What’s the best diet plan for your personality?

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By Kerri-Ann Jennings, M.S., R.D., Associate Nutrition Editor atEatingWell Magazine

I love reading diet plans. The idea of having meals mapped out for me is so appealing, even though in reality I'm more of a "wing it" type who's better off having a variety of healthy foods around to choose from. As a registered dietitian, I know that when you're trying to lose weight, it's important to find the diet strategies that actually work with your personality rather than against it—completely eliminating your favorite food or planning to cook 3 meals a day when you hate to cook, for instance, could set you up for failure. At EatingWellMagazine (where I'm the associate nutrition editor), we've homed in on 4 diet "plans" that can work for different personalities.

Related: 6 Secrets to Losing Weight for Good

Personality Type: Food Lover
Diet Plan to Try: The Delicious 500-Calorie Dinner Diet
Trying to overhaul every meal every day can be overwhelming. Tackling just one meal—dinner—and making sure it's healthy and sensible in calories can make for a more manageable goal. EatingWell's 500-calorie dinner diet maps out 5 weeks of 500-calorie dinner menus, 5 days a week. Most important, the dinners are delicious, so you won't feel deprived (they even include treats like wine and dessert).

Personality Type: Commitment-Phobe
Diet Plan to Try: The 7-Day Diet Plan
If you like the idea of trying out a diet, but don't know if you can do it for the long haul, EatingWell has the solution for you. The brand-new 7-day diet plan gives you 7 days of delicious, satisfying meals and snacks, with even more calorie levels to choose from (1,200-2,000). It could be just the thing to kick-start some healthy eating...commitment-free!

Personality Type: You Don't Naturally Plan Ahead
Diet Plan to Try: A 28-Day Meal Plan for a Slimmer You
Hate to plan, but love to follow a plan? EatingWell's dietitians have created a 28-day diet meal plan. Just choose your calorie level (1,200, 1,500 or 1,800 calories) and find the meals and snacks you should eat each day for a whole month to help you reach your diet goals.

Personality Type: Planner
Diet Plan to Try: The EatingWell Diet Challenge
If you're ready to take on some serious and lasting changes, then you're ready to check out the EatingWell Diet Challenge. This 12-week program combines clinically tested weight-loss principles with delicious recipes and helpful diet tools (think food diaries and menu planners) for a comprehensive approach to successful weight loss. You'll learn a new strategy each week that helps you build healthy eating into your day-to-day life.

What diet plan works best for you?

Are foodie shows making us gain weight?

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Getty Images

Getty Images

By Alyssa Sparacino

Bam!
 Just like that, food entertainment took over our televisions.

With last year's debut of the Cooking Channel—sister to the wildly popular Food Network—we now have two ways to access food TV around the clock. That's in addition to Top ChefHell's Kitchen, and countless niche programs ranging from the obscure Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern to the charming DC Cupcakes.

Flay, Batali, Ray, and Ramsay have become household names, and it's not hard to see why: Half of Americans watch food or cooking shows "very often" or "occasionally," according to a 2010 poll by Harris Interactive.

Health.com: Tyler Florence's tips for a super summer salad

All this talk about food may start your stomach growling—and that could be a problem. As the food-entertainment revolution has expanded, so have our waistbands. In the early 1990s, before the Food Network or Top Chef, 56% of Americans were overweight or obese. That number has since grown to 68%. Are these two trends somehow related?

An array of factors—unhealthy diets, too little physical activity, sedentary jobs, busy schedules—have conspired to promote widespread weight gain. "Our intake of calories has increased about 300 a day since the 1970s," says Joan Salge Blake, RD, a clinical associate professor of nutrition at Boston University, and the author of Nutrition & You: Core Concepts for Good Health. "We're eating more processed food and our environment is conducive to eating 24/7."

Health.com: Bobby Flay cooks healthy

Celebrity chefs aren't entirely to blame, of course. But our fascination with food TV may not be helping. Most hit cooking shows don't exactly focus on health food, and research suggests that being exposed to images of appetizing food can spur us to eat—and overeat.

Unhealthy recipes
If a recipe calls for tons of butter and cream, there's a good chance Paula Deen whipped it up. The silver-haired southern cook has become a Food Network star thanks to heart-stopping dishes such as Fried Butter Balls, which, as you might have guessed, are nothing more than butter and cream cheese coated in breadcrumbs and fried in oil.

Some of Deen's critics have suggested that fatty dishes such as these are contributing to unhealthy eating habits and obesity. When the chef appeared on The View to promote a new kid-oriented cookbook in 2009, for instance, cohost Barbara Walters confronted her about the nutritional content of some of the recipes.

Health.com: Cat Cora's lightened-up grill recipes

"Obesity is the number-one problem for kids today," Walters told Deen. "You tell kids to have cheesecake for breakfast! Doesn't it ever bother you that you're adding to this?" (Deen's reply? Kids should be taught moderation.)

There's no clear-cut evidence that the recipes featured on food shows are urging viewers to eat unhealthily, but it's a credible theory.

Health.com: Healthy cooking tips from Fabio Viviani

Even though many people watch the shows for entertainment alone, others emulate the cooking they see on TV. Fifty-seven percent of people who watch cooking shows buy food as a "direct result" of something they've seen, the 2010 Harris poll found.

Likewise, viewers are flocking to the websites of their favorite star chefs for recipes. The Food Network's recipe-driven website attracts more than 8 million visitors per month, and Deen's website, Paula's Home Cooking, was the second most popular cable-network TV-show website in 2009.

Keep reading: Health.com: Are Foodie Shows Making Us Fat?

7 Energy-Boosting Snacks to Get You Through the Summer Heat

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Bumble Bee Fat Free Tuna Salad Kit

Bumble Bee Fat Free Tuna Salad Kit

This is a great on-the-go snack that will keep you satisfied between meals. The combination of low-fat whole wheat crackers and the 9g of protein is the key to high energy. The best part is that these 150 calorie kits are readily available in any grocery store.

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We've spent the past six months wishing, praying and hoping for the warmth of summer. Well, those scorching 90+ degree days are finally here – and while I wouldn't trade them in for the blistering cold temps we all endured this past winter, I will admit that I forgot how draining the summer sun can actually be. By the time you make it through your morning commute, your energy levels have probably already taken a huge nosedive, which will only progressively get worse as the temperature and humidity rise throughout the day. 

Working out, whether it's in the morning or evening, will inevitably become increasingly difficult in the upcoming months. But there's no better way to get through the Summer heat than by snacking on healthy, low-calorie snacks that will help boost your energy and metabolism. Click through for some of my favorite nutritious and satisfying between-meal snacks.
2 tbsp of peanut butter with 1 small apple

2 tbsp of peanut butter with 1 small apple

Peanut butter is my favorite unexpected energy boosting snack. It gets a bad rep because it is high in sugar and fat, but if you stick to the serving size and don't overdo it, it is the perfect way to keep hunger at bay. The high protein in peanut butter combined with the natural unprocessed sugar of an apple will assure that you make it through the day without a dip. I love these pre-packaged JIF to go packs, which are a lot easier than toting around a tub of peanut butter.

Want a friend on the inside? Add us on Facebook to always stay in touch.

We've spent the past six months wishing, praying and hoping for the warmth of summer. Well, those scorching 90+ degree days are finally here – and while I wouldn't trade them in for the blistering cold temps we all endured this past winter, I will admit that I forgot how draining the summer sun can actually be. By the time you make it through your morning commute, your energy levels have probably already taken a huge nosedive, which will only progressively get worse as the temperature and humidity rise throughout the day. 

Working out, whether it's in the morning or evening, will inevitably become increasingly difficult in the upcoming months. But there's no better way to get through the Summer heat than by snacking on healthy, low-calorie snacks that will help boost your energy and metabolism. Click through for some of my favorite nutritious and satisfying between-meal snacks.
Hummus and baby carrots

Hummus and baby carrots

Chickpeas, in any form, are my go-to super food. Hummus and veggies are the ultimate snack â€" the protein-packed dip is a great sustaining addition to any vegetable, but carrots are definitely my favorite. You won't even miss the tortilla chips, I promise!

Want a friend on the inside? Add us on Facebook to always stay in touch.

We've spent the past six months wishing, praying and hoping for the warmth of summer. Well, those scorching 90+ degree days are finally here – and while I wouldn't trade them in for the blistering cold temps we all endured this past winter, I will admit that I forgot how draining the summer sun can actually be. By the time you make it through your morning commute, your energy levels have probably already taken a huge nosedive, which will only progressively get worse as the temperature and humidity rise throughout the day. 

Working out, whether it's in the morning or evening, will inevitably become increasingly difficult in the upcoming months. But there's no better way to get through the Summer heat than by snacking on healthy, low-calorie snacks that will help boost your energy and metabolism. Click through for some of my favorite nutritious and satisfying between-meal snacks.
Non-fat yogurt with fresh fruit and granola

Non-fat yogurt with fresh fruit and granola

Greek yogurt works best when it comes to packing in the protein and losing the processed sugar, but a lot of people find the taste of Greek yogurt to be too tart. Adding fresh fruit is the perfect way to get in natural sweetness, while the whole grain and nuts of granola give this snack that added crunch it needs.

Want a friend on the inside? Add us on Facebook to always stay in touch.

We've spent the past six months wishing, praying and hoping for the warmth of summer. Well, those scorching 90+ degree days are finally here – and while I wouldn't trade them in for the blistering cold temps we all endured this past winter, I will admit that I forgot how draining the summer sun can actually be. By the time you make it through your morning commute, your energy levels have probably already taken a huge nosedive, which will only progressively get worse as the temperature and humidity rise throughout the day. 

Working out, whether it's in the morning or evening, will inevitably become increasingly difficult in the upcoming months. But there's no better way to get through the Summer heat than by snacking on healthy, low-calorie snacks that will help boost your energy and metabolism. Click through for some of my favorite nutritious and satisfying between-meal snacks.
Turkey and cheese roll ups

Turkey and cheese roll ups

This is a great make-ahead snack. All you need is good-quality deli turkey, a low fat cheese of your choice and any veggie â€" I'm a fan of peppers. Eliminate the tortilla for a low-carb, well-balanced snack that will keep you full until your next meal.

Want a friend on the inside? Add us on Facebook to always stay in touch.

We've spent the past six months wishing, praying and hoping for the warmth of summer. Well, those scorching 90+ degree days are finally here – and while I wouldn't trade them in for the blistering cold temps we all endured this past winter, I will admit that I forgot how draining the summer sun can actually be. By the time you make it through your morning commute, your energy levels have probably already taken a huge nosedive, which will only progressively get worse as the temperature and humidity rise throughout the day. 

Working out, whether it's in the morning or evening, will inevitably become increasingly difficult in the upcoming months. But there's no better way to get through the Summer heat than by snacking on healthy, low-calorie snacks that will help boost your energy and metabolism. Click through for some of my favorite nutritious and satisfying between-meal snacks.
Soy Crisps

Soy Crisps

Sometimes you just want something salty and crunch to snack on. But before you go reaching for the fried potato chips, you may want to try a pack of 140 calorie, protein-pack soy crisps. With a variety of flavors, you won't even realize you aren't crunching down on Lays.

Want a friend on the inside? Add us on Facebook to always stay in touch.

We've spent the past six months wishing, praying and hoping for the warmth of summer. Well, those scorching 90+ degree days are finally here – and while I wouldn't trade them in for the blistering cold temps we all endured this past winter, I will admit that I forgot how draining the summer sun can actually be. By the time you make it through your morning commute, your energy levels have probably already taken a huge nosedive, which will only progressively get worse as the temperature and humidity rise throughout the day. 

Working out, whether it's in the morning or evening, will inevitably become increasingly difficult in the upcoming months. But there's no better way to get through the Summer heat than by snacking on healthy, low-calorie snacks that will help boost your energy and metabolism. Click through for some of my favorite nutritious and satisfying between-meal snacks.
Trail Mix

Trail Mix

We've all heard that trail mix is a great, balanced on-the-go snack, filled with fruit, protein and fiber. There are a number of great, pre-packaged varieties out there, but I'm it's also very easy to make yourself. Ingredients: 1 1/2 cups oats; 1/2 cup wheat germ; 1/2 cup nuts; 1/4 cup sesame seeds; 1/4 cup blanched slivered almonds; 1/2 cup mixed color raisins or Craisins (or both); 1/2 cup coconut Directions: Mix together 1/4 cup vegetable oil, 1 tsp. pure vanilla amd 1/4 cup honey. Pour over dry mixture. Spread evenly on oiled baking sheet. Bake for 20 to 30 minutes, stirring once or twice. Cool and break up any lumps. Store in an airtight container.

Photo by: Recipe: Cooks.com
Want a friend on the inside? Add us on Facebook to always stay in touch.

We've spent the past six months wishing, praying and hoping for the warmth of summer. Well, those scorching 90+ degree days are finally here – and while I wouldn't trade them in for the blistering cold temps we all endured this past winter, I will admit that I forgot how draining the summer sun can actually be. By the time you make it through your morning commute, your energy levels have probably already taken a huge nosedive, which will only progressively get worse as the temperature and humidity rise throughout the day. 

Working out, whether it's in the morning or evening, will inevitably become increasingly difficult in the upcoming months. But there's no better way to get through the Summer heat than by snacking on healthy, low-calorie snacks that will help boost your energy and metabolism. Click through for some of my favorite nutritious and satisfying between-meal snacks.

Jumpstart Your Metabolism: 6 Ways To Burn Extra Calories With Red Peppers

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Good news for those who like it hot: APurdue University study found eating red pepper can help both decrease hunger and speed up metabolism. Adding just one gram, or half a teaspoon, of ordinary dried, ground cayenne pepper to a meal will do.

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Red pepper capsules, however, won't produce the same results, because you don't get that "burn in your mouth," researcher Richard Mattes, a Purdue foods and nutrition professor, said. And it's the burn that contributes to "a rise in body temperature, energy expenditure and appetite control."

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Red pepper's effects proved especially strong for those who didn't eat the spice regularly. Consuming red pepper helped study participants in general burn more calories — but the appetite-suppression effects occurred mostly in those who at red pepper less. This suggests that "when the stimulus is unfamiliar it has a greater effect," said Mattes. "The finding… requires further study to determine how long it will be effective and how to adjust the diet to improve continuous effectiveness."

Want to feel the burn? Check out these recipes:

Summer cocktails: How to splurge without the guilt

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Whether you are an adventurous cocktail type or are content with a simple glass of wine, spring and summer happy hours seem all the more fun when you can couple it up with halter tops, sundresses and frolicking in the warm summer sun. Moreover, restaurants and bars seem to become extraordinarily creative at this time of year with their libations.

Unfortunately, many summer-time drinks come with a lot of extra calories.  And although one drink might not be so detrimental, two or three can really start to add up.  So what is a summer happy-hour lover to do?  Here's a simple breakdown of the good, the bad and the ugly when it comes to popular summer cocktails:

The Good: Wine, champagne and wine spritzers (with club soda), are by far the best choices when it comes to carbs and calories per serving. Dry liquor, such as vodka or gin, and plain, unsweetened mixers are also a relatively good bet. Finally, choosing light beers, such as Miller Light, Corona Light and others are better than full-bodied beers.

The Bad: Hard alcohol mixed with sweetened mixers, such as Tonic or Juice can start to get heavy in both calories and sugar. The sweeter a beverage is, the more impact it will have on your diet. Even though sangria is made with wine, it too is sweetened and can have a lot of calories associated with it. Finally, full-bodied beers tend to pack a whopping punch of carbs and calories as well.

The Ugly: Although tropical drinks are a sure sign of summer, they are by far the worst offenders. Avoid mixed drinks that are frozen or that are made with sweeter liquors, such as amaretto, rum, and fruit based schnapps and other liquors. The worst of the worst include Mai Tais and Pina Coladas.

If you are in full happy hour mode, here are a few options to still enjoy while ensuring you don't overdo it on your sugar or calorie intake:

Option 1: Have one summer favorite that falls under the bad or ugly category, and if you have any more drinks thereafter, fall back to a good drink moving forward.

Option 2: If you enjoy any drink that uses juices, sodas (7-Up or Tonic) or simple syrups, try substituting seltzer water for the soda portion and asking for 'splashes' of juice.  For instance, I love Cape Codders, but have switched to Vodka, Soda and a splash of cranberry. 

Option 3: Try wine spritzers with a splash of juice.  As you can see, wine spritzers are the best of the bunch.  Further, they are festive (with the sparkling water) and if you add a splash of juice, you'll get a bit more flavor than a typical spritzer without a ton of extra calories.

Option 4: Try adding a little all natural soda, such as Izze Sparkling Juice, to wine for a little bit of a sparkle in your spritzer.  These don't have HFCS or loads of added sugars.  They are purely sparkling water and juice.

Option 5: I'm NOT an advocate for this option, but I wanted to put it out there.  If you use soda in your summer cocktail, you can opt for the diet version to cut some of the calories out.  That said, I don't subscribe to diet sodas, as they are full of chemicals that you probably don't want to ingest.

What is your favorite summer cocktail?  Have you learned any tricks to keep the calories to a low roar?


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Virginity checks: What do they really prove?

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Egyptian women carry banners that read "Social justice" in Arabic as they march to Tahrir Square for International Women's Day in March. An Egyptian general admitted that female protesters who were arrested were forced to submit to "virginity checks." (Photo: AP)

Egyptian women carry banners that read "Social justice" in Arabic as they march to Tahrir Square for International Women's Day in March. An Egyptian general admitted that female protesters who were arrested were forced to submit to "virginity checks." (Photo: AP)

A senior Egyptian general says thatwomen who were arrested during a demonstration on International Women's Day in March were subjected to "virginity checks" while they were being detained by the military.

Seventeen women and about 170 men were arrested during the demonstration, in which women marched to Tahrir Square in Cairo on March 8, demanding equal rights and an end to sexual harassment. The protest became dangerous when men groped, verbally attacked, and insulted the female demonstrators, telling them they should go home where they belonged, according to Associated Press reports.

A March 23 Amnesty International report alleged that the women who had been arrested "were beaten, given electric shocks, subjected to strip searches while being photographed by male soldiers, then forced to submit to 'virginity checks' and threatened with prostitution charges." Officials had previously denied that female protesters they arrested had been tortured or forced to submit to virginity checks, but now an Egyptian general has confirmed that the virginity checks did take place—and seemed to say that the women deserved to be degraded.

"The girls who were detained were not like your daughter or mine," the general, who was not named, told CNN. "These were girls who had camped out in tents with male protesters in Tahrir Square."

The general also told CNN: "We didn't want them to say we had sexually assaulted or raped them, so we wanted to prove that they weren't virgins in the first place." According to the virginity checks they conducted, he added, "None of them were."

Virginity tests can be visual (looking to see whether the hymen is intact) or physical (checking the vaginal muscles' resistance to penetration). Both types of test are highly inaccurate and subjective, and can be a form of sexual assault in and of themselves. The idea that Egyptian soldiers could be absolved of rape as long as the captives are not virgins has sparked outrage around the world.

"This general's implication that only virgins can be victims of rape is a long-discredited sexist attitude and legal absurdity," Amnesty International said in a statement today. "When determining a case of rape, it is irrelevant whether or not the victim is a virgin."

Salwa Hosseini, a 20-year-old hairdresser, told Amnesty International that soldiers tied her up, forced her to the ground, slapped her, and shocked her with a stun gun while calling her a prostitute. Then she and 16 other female prisoners were taken to a military detention center in Heikstep, she said, where they were forced to comply with virginity tests administered by a male doctor while several soldiers stood nearby. If they resisted, they were told they would be shocked again with stun guns.

"When we went to the military prison, me and the girls, we were placed in a room with two doors and a window. The two doors were wide open," Hosseini said during a news conference in March. "The girl takes off all her clothes to be searched while there were cameras outside filming... The girl who says she is single, she undergoes a test by someone; we don't know if he is a soldier or some kid on their behalf."

According to the Amnesty International report, one woman who had said she was a virgin was beaten and given electric shocks after her examination seemed to show that she wasn't a virgin.

But the point of a virginity test isn't really to confirm virginity. The point is to instill fear, assert power, and enforce control—and the women who were subjected to the tests knew it.

"They wanted to teach us a lesson," Hosseini said. "They wanted to make us feel that we do not have dignity."

 
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